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Description
Behavioural Economics: A Very Short IntroductionTraditionally, economists have based their economic predictions on the assumption that humans are super rational creatures, using the information we are given efficiently and generally making selfish decisions. Economists also assume that we're doing the very best we can possibly do not only for today, but over our whole lifetimes too. The study of behavioral economics is revealing that our lives are not that simple. Instead, our decisions are
Traditionally, economists have based their economic predictions on the assumption that humans are super-rational creatures, using the information we are given efficiently and generally making selfish decisions. Economists also assume that we're doing the very best we can possibly do--not only for today, but over our whole lifetimes too. The study of behavioral economics is revealing that our lives are not that simple. Instead, our decisions are complicated by our own psychology. Each of us makes mistakes every day. We don't always know what's best for us and, even if we do, we might not have the self-control to deliver on our best intentions. We struggle to stay on diets, to get enough exercise and to manage our money. We misjudge risky situations. We are prone to herding: sometimes peer pressure leads us blindly to copy others around us; other times copying others helps us to learn quickly about new, unfamiliar situations. This Very Short Introduction explores the reasons why we make irrational decisions; how we decide quickly; why we make mistakes in risky situations; our tendency to procrastination; and how we are affected by social influences, personality, mood and emotions. The implications of understanding the rationale for our own financial behavior are huge. Behavioral economics could help policy-makers to understand the people behind their policies, enabling them to design more effective policies, while at the same time we could find ourselves assaulted by increasingly savvy marketing. Michelle Baddeley concludes by looking forward, to see what the future of behavioral economics holds for us. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.Binding Type: Paperback
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Published: 05/01/2017
ISBN: 9780198754992
Pages: 144
Weight: 0.30lbs
Size: 6.80h x 4.30w x 0.50d
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4.5 ★★★★★
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Product Reviews
★★★★★ 5
My Dogs Love This!
As a dog mom to two pups, I’m always looking for toys that encourage interactive play, and this one has been a hit.
✨ What stood out:
✔ Easy-to-grab handles
✔ Great for tug-of-war
✔ Flexible but sturdy design
✔ Floats in water
✔ Fun sensory scent
✔ Perfect size for medium dogs
The dual-handle design makes it comfortable for both me and my dogs during tug games, and it feels much safer than trying to grab random rope toys.
The material has enough flexibility to be comfortable while still feeling durable enough for active play.
My dogs immediately took interest in it, and we’ve used it both indoors and outdoors. It’s made from a thick material that is extremely durable as well as chew resistant. My dogs go crazy over it!
If your dog enjoys tug-of-war, fetch, or interactive play with their humans, this is a really fun option!
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Reviewed in the United States on May 31, 2026
★★★★★ 5
Quality materials, durable, and fun to play with.
This Pupstages Flex-Force tug toy is perfect for people who have two large dogs, like I do.
The two-handle design is a great feature. It gives you a comfortable, secure grip during tug-of-war, which makes playtime feel more controlled. It’s also helpful if you have two dogs who want to play at the same time, because each can grab a side and get into the game. Another fun thing about the design is that the irregular shape gives it an unpredictable bounce that’s exciting for my dog who loves to fetch. The material is rubbery enough that it bounces well too.
The material has a bit of flex to it, which helps absorb some of the pulling force instead of feeling rigid. That slight give makes tugging feel smoother and a little easier on both your hands and your dog’s mouth. It’s also more fun for my dogs. It’s sturdy enough for regular play, though as with most toys, extremely aggressive chewers may still wear it down over time. So far, I’ve been impressed by how sturdy it is.
The material feels high-quality to me, like it’s made from very good materials. I’ve owned probably a hundred different dog toys, and this feels like one of the better made ones.
One fun detail is the blueberry-apple scent. It’s not overpowering, but it’s noticeable enough to make the toy more interesting to dogs. I can smell it if I hold it up to my nose. Whether they think it smells like a gourmet treat or just “intriguing mystery object” is up to them, but it definitely adds to the appeal.
The fact that it floats is a nice bonus. It opens up the option for water play, like tugging at the edge of a pool, lake, or even just retrieving it from shallow water. I have a tiny pond in my backyard, so most dog toys end up wet at some point.
Size-wise, it works well for a range of breeds. It’s big enough to feel substantial but not so large that it becomes awkward to handle. It has some nice weight to it, while still being manageable for smaller dogs to carry.
This is a fun, well-designed tug toy that encourages interactive play. It’s comfortable to hold, engaging for my dogs, and versatile enough for both land and water adventures. I think it’s a very good value at the current price.
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Reviewed in the United States on March 26, 2026
★★★★★ 4
Not for aggressive chewers but fun otherwise!
This flex tug toy is great for pups who loves tug of war! It is a softer material than I thought it would be, which does make it more likely to be ripped by aggressive chewers. I have a pitbull who would easily destroy this toy.
Luckily, I have a smaller puppy as well, and he loves playing tug of war with it. The soft material makes it more comfortable to be held when playing.
It also smells much better than most dog toys lol! The blueberry scent is great and definitely makes it more enjoyable for me to play with my dog, and he loves it too!
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Reviewed in the United States on March 31, 2026
★★★★★ 5
Durable + Fun Design + Smells Good Too
I chose this flex-force dog tug toy from Pupstages for my two Pitbulls. They like to wrestle and this seemed like a good option that would keep them from wrestling throat to throat. This sounds scary, but they never bring blood or even have slobber on their neck when they’re playing.
I was extremely pleased with the quality of this dog boy and also the scent was bright and fun. I asked my husband to smell it before I told him what it was, he said it smelled fruity. The blueberry apple scent is pleasant and might keep it long-term from smelling like dog slobber.
The materials used to make this feels very durable and it stretches easily. It’s also a fun way to play with each dog one on one or sometimes play with both of them while I pull on the other end.
Even though my dogs are aggressive chewers, I don’t have any concerns about the durability of this toy. It will not be something that I leave for them to chew on when we are not playing since it was not designed for that purpose. If they accidentally get a hold of it, I don’t think it will be an issue short term if they chew on it. For the sake of comparison, I had a dog pull toy that I would have said was similar to this one.
When this pull toy from Pupstages arrived, I realized there was a difference compared to a similar toy we have had a couple years. Our previous toy’s design - connected the two loops without any angle - that toy lays flat on the counter. This toy connects the two looped areas at a 90° angle to each other. I like this design. This new angle feels different when tugging for me and the dogs. I can hold the old toy and the new toy and offer to play…at least now, they are choosing this one.
I hope my details, thoughts and photos help someone.
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Reviewed in the United States on March 25, 2026
★★★★★ 1
Broke Within Moments
My two medium sized dogs played tug of war ONE time and it ripped in half. Not durable at all. Did not hold up well.
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Reviewed in the United States on April 6, 2026